Hive安装

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下载

下载地址：https://hive.apache.org/general/downloads/。根据版本说明下载适合自己的版本。因为我安装的Hadoop 3.3.6，所以我选择了Hive 4.0.0。

安装

将下载的包解压至安装目录，入我解压后的位置：/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin，并设置环境变量。新建/etc/profile.d/hive.sh文件，并添加以下内容：

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export HIVE_HOME=/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin
export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

执行以下命令加载环境变量：

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$ source /etc/profile
$ echo $HIVE_HOME
/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin

启动Hive Cli

因为Hive依赖Hadoop，所以需要先安装Hadoop。可以参考我的另外一篇文章：[搭建单节点Hadoop集群}(https://www.zhangjc.com/2025/09/27/%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E5%8D%95%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9Hadoop%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4/)。

在HDFS上创建必要的目录：

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$ hadoop fs -mkdir       /tmp
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p    /user/hive/warehouse
$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /tmp
$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /user/hive/warehouse

现在就可以运行Hive CLI了：

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$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 4.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline>SLF4J Error Codes$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 4.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline>SLF4J Error Codes$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 4.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline>SLF4J Error Codes$ hive
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 4.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline>

还需要启动HiveServer2后才能真正使用Hive。

启动HiveServer2和Beeline

用Derby数据库初始化Hive：

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$ bin/schematool -dbType derby -initSchema
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Initializing the schema to: 4.0.0
Metastore connection URL:        jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true
Metastore connection Driver :    org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
Metastore connection User:       APP
Starting metastore schema initialization to 4.0.0
Initialization script hive-schema-4.0.0.derby.sql

Initialization script completed

初始化完成后，启动HiveServer2：

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bin/hiveserver2

此时，就可以用beeline（hive命令也已改用beeline方式了）连接Hive了：

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$ bin/beeline
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.18.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/zhangjc/frin/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Beeline version 4.0.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 scott tiger
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
24/08/11 21:14:08 [main]: WARN jdbc.HiveConnection: Failed to connect to localhost:10000
Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: zhangjc is not allowed to impersonate scott (state=08S01,code=0)
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000 scott tiger
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
24/08/11 21:17:27 [main]: WARN jdbc.HiveConnection: Failed to connect to localhost:10000
Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: zhangjc is not allowed to impersonate scott (state=08S01,code=0)

如上信息中所示，如果出现以下错误信息说明未配置Hadoop的代理用户：

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Error: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User: zhangjc is not allowed to impersonate scott (state=08S01,code=0)

可以参见我的另外一篇文章进行配置：Hadoop代理用户。

实际中我还遇到另外一种情况：Hiveserver2 User: ** is not allowed to impersonate **。